Abstract
Iron nanoparticles are synthesized and size characterized using HRTEM, FESEM, and XRD. Polyethylene glycol(PEG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are used as nanoparticle stabilizers. The sizes of Fe nps are found to be 9 nm, 14 nm, and 17 nm ± 1 nm corresponding to PEG, CMC, and PVP stabilizers, respectively. The three different iron nanoparticles (Fe nps) prepared are used as catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of various substituted aromatic ketones to alcohols with NaBH4. The progress of the reaction was monitored using time variance UV spectra. Kinetic plots are made from the absorbance values and the pseudo first order rate coefficient values are determined. Catalytic efficiency of the Fe nps is obtained by comparing the pseudo first order rate coefficient values, times of reaction, and % yield. Fe-PEG nps was found to act as better catalyst than Fe-CMC nps and Fe-PVP nps. Also, effects of substituents in the aromatic ring of ketones reveal that +I substituents are better catalysed than –I substituents.
Highlights
Reduction reactions of carbonyl compounds to primary and secondary alcohols possess one of the important classes of organic reactions that are well used in synthetic chemistry [1,2,3,4,5]
The formation of smaller sized Fe nps with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilizers compared to poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) stabilizer may be due to the strong interaction between the oxy(–O–) group of PEG and the hydroxy group of CMC with the Fe nps than the carbonyl group (>C=O) of PVP
Fe nps are prepared with PEG, CMC, and PVP as stabilizers and are successfully used as catalysts for the hydrogenation of various substituted aromatic ketones, under mild and ecofriendlier experimental conditions
Summary
Reduction reactions of carbonyl compounds to primary and secondary alcohols possess one of the important classes of organic reactions that are well used in synthetic chemistry [1,2,3,4,5] Such reactions find immense applications in chemical industries related to fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and agrochemicals. Rhodium and ruthenium complexes using chiral phosphines and amines as ligands show excellent catalytic activity towards asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral ketones and other carbonyl compounds. These catalysts have limited applications because of their high cost and difficulty in the separation of products from chiral catalyst. Efforts to find catalysts that do not require noble metals are always required
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