Studies on the association of malondialdehyde as a biomarker for oxidative stress and degree of malignancy in dogs with mammary adenocarcinomas.

Abstract

Mammary adenocarcinomas are one of the most common tumour diseases in bitches. The relationship between oxidative stress and the degree of malignancy of the tumour has not been sufficiently researched in veterinary medicine. The main objective was to investigate the potential role of MDA as a practice-relevant biomarker for the assessment of systemic oxidative stress and to determine whether this parameter can indicate the malignancy grade of a mammary adenocarcinoma. In the present pilot study, MDA plasma concentrations were analysed in 55 bitches with (n = 28) and without (n027) malignant adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland using two different measurement methods and the relationship to tumour size was investigated. The mean MDA concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 289ng/mL (range 365-634ng/mL) in dogs with grade 1 adenocarcinoma (n = 13), 288.5ng/mL (range 85-752ng/mL) in dogs with grade 2 adenocarcinoma (n = 10), 332ng/mL (range 239-947ng/mL) in dogs with grade 3 (n = 5) adenocarcinoma and 293ng/mL (range 175-549ng/mL) in dogs without a mammary tumour (n = 27). When MDA was measured by HPLC, the average MDA concentration in the study group (n = 11) was 0.24µmol/L (range 0.16-0.37) and that of the control group (n = 15) was 0.27µmol/L (range 0.16-1.62). Thus, there were no significant differences between the study group with malignant adenocarcinomas and the control group in both examination methods (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the MDA concentrations and the approximate volume of the mammary tumour. The results highlight the challenges of providing a prognosis for the malignancy of a mammary adenocarcinoma based on MDA concentrations in plasma using ELISA or HPLC. As a result, histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing and differentiating adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland.