Abstract
This chapter discusses the studies conducted on simian malaria in Brazil. Two species of Plasmodium have been found in monkeys in Brazil: the quartan-like P. brasilianum in Casajao calvus from the Upper Amazon, and P. simium in Alouatta fusca in the state of Sao Paulo. The investigation was made to study the prevalence of malaria in monkeys, the seasonal variation, infectivity of the parasites to various hosts (including man) and the vectors in nature; the site was the government forest reserve—Horto Florestal da Cantareira—on the outskirts of Sao Paulo. Of 35 Alouatta examined, malaria parasites were found in 12 and malaria pigment in an additional three. A quartan like parasite was found in two monkeys; the remainder was P. simium. Two adult Alouatta were captured alive and were found to harbor P. simium in small numbers, which became greatly augmented after splenectomy, reaching a density of 225,000 parasites per cu mm.
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