Studies on serum biochemical parameters of trop T+ or trop T− cardiac patients and evaluation of risk factors for disease outcome with a correlation to dyslipidemic rat experiment

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CD) are the most leading cause of death in both developed and developing nations. Diseases severity depends on multiple factors like sedentary lifestyle, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. Blood samples from diagnosed cardiac patients from several hospitals and registered pathological centers, Midnapore District, India (Feb. 2013—Jan. 2014; >45 years, male 37, and female 23) and age-matched control (male 12 and female 9) were employed for biochemical studies on lipid profiles, SGOT, LDH, CPK/CPK-MB, and troponin T levels. Oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant component non-protein-soluble thiol (NPSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were tested. High lipid or fructose-fed (90 days, isocaloric to the control) rats was investigated to evaluate some risk factors and oxidant/antioxidant status in their serum, liver, and heart tissues. Serum SGOT and LDH in female cardiac patients were found to be significantly high in both trop T− or trop T+ patients. The present multiple comparison ANOVA test suggests that most of the factors and serum markers of female cardiac patients were at higher risks (significance value, p < 0.001) than those of male patients. It is noticed that the parameters are more severely impaired in trop T+ (p < 0.001) than in trop T− (p < 0.05–0.01) patients. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and NPSH levels were found to be higher in the case of serum samples of cardiac patients. In rat experiment, mean body weight of animals did not significantly change in different nutritional groups. However, the reno-somatic index (kidney weight/100 g bw) decreased significantly both in lipid or fructose-fed group. Cholesterol and triglyceride notably increased in lipid-fed and urate decreased in either diet group. The oxidant component MDA and antioxidant enzyme catalase and SOD1 activities significantly increased/impaired in rat liver and heart of lipid-fed group. It may be hypothesized that present markers and risk factors are significant for the disease initiation and pathogenesis both in male and female. The post-menopausal age group itself may be an independent risk factor in females. The animal experiment suggests that long-term high lipid consumption may initiate dyslipidemic condition with an increase in systemic oxidative stress.