Studies on Pollen Viability Heterosis in Parents and F1 Hybrids of Genus Solanum L. (Solanaceae)

Raji Akitunde Abdullateef,Abdul Wahab Nafis,Mohamad Osman,Nor Hazwani Hasali,Nor Hafizah Zakaria,Hassanat Jimoh

doi:10.5539/ijb.v4n3p117

Raji Akitunde Abdullateef, Abdul Wahab Nafis + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v4n3p117

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Abstract

Five collections of Solanum namely: S. melongena (purple variety, SM-1), S. melongena (white variety, SM-2), S. gillo (variety, SG-3), S. gillo (variety, SG-4), and S. gillo (variety, SG-5), were crossed in all possible combinations and the hybrids evaluated for heterosis. The results revealed percentage pollen viability was 82.3, 83.3, 67.0, 42.5 and 64.5% respectively for SM-1, SM-2, SG-3, SG-4, and SG-5. The hybrids resulting from inter varietal crosses, SM-1 x SM-2; SM-2 x SM-1 (a reciprocal cross), and SG-4 x SG-5 had 65.90, 66.3, and 76.0% respectively; while the inter specific crosses SM-1 x SG-5, SG-4 x SM-2, and SM-2 x SG-5 had 21.2, 55.5, and 63.7% respectively. The highest percentage pollen viability was recorded in SM-1 and SM-2, the two collections of Solanum melongena; pollen viability was also high in their reciprocal hybrids. The highest value among the hybrids, was recorded for SG-4 x SG-5 (76%), a cross between two collections of Solanum gillo. The lowest values (21.2% and 55.5%) were obtained for the interspecific crosses SM-1 X SG-5 and SG-4 X SM-2 respectively. One way analysis of variance at p<.05 revealed significant differences across studied pollens of parents and F1 Solanum accessions at p<0.000. The inter varietal cross SG-4 x SG-5 and the inter specific cross SG-4 x SM-2 with 22.5 and 2.0% heterosis effects respectively, possessed qualitative pollen traits and could enhance effective pollination, high seed and fruit sets in subsequent generations.

Highlights

1.1 BackgroundGarden egg known as eggplant, aubergine or brijal belongs to the family solanaceae and genus Solanum
Five collections of Solanum namely: S. melongena, S. melongena, S. gillo, S. gillo, and S. gillo, were crossed in all possible combinations and the hybrids evaluated for heterosis
The results revealed percentage pollen viability was 82.3, 83.3, 67.0, 42.5 and 64.5% respectively for SM-1, SM-2, SG-3, SG-4, and SG-5

Summary

Introduction

1.1 BackgroundGarden egg known as eggplant, aubergine or brijal belongs to the family solanaceae and genus Solanum. Hunziker (1979) reported there are about 1500 species of the genus out of which1000 occurred in South America. The genus is tremendously large consisting of both tuberosum and non tuberosum types of species. It is an annual plant growing between 40-150cm in height and bears large coarsely lobed, leaves 10-20cm long and 5-10cm broad. The fruit is a fleshy berry, less than 3cm in diameter on wild plant but much larger in cultivated forms, and contains numerous small soft seeds. Wild-type variety can grow larger to about 225cm in height with large leaves over 30cm long and 15cm broad (Diggle, 1991)

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