Abstract
The structure of lipid A from lipopolysaccharide of Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02T, a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium, was studied. It was found that the lipid A backbone was composed of two 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose (GlcpN3N) residues connected by a β-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkage, substituted by galacturonic acid (GalpA) at position C-1 and partly decorated by a phosphate residue at C-4′ of the non-reducing GlcpN3N. Both diaminosugars were symmetrically substituted by 3-hydroxy fatty acids (14:0(3-OH) and 16:0(3-OH)). Ester-linked secondary acyl residues [i.e. 19:0cyc and 28:0(27-OH) or 28:0(27-4:0(3-OMe))] were located in the distal part of lipid A. A high similarity between the lipid A of P. trifolii and Mesorhizobium was observed and discussed from the perspective of the genetic context of both genomes.
Highlights
The genus Phyllobacterium was originally described by Knosel (1962), mainly on the basis of phenotypic features of bacteria developing within leaf nodules of tropical ornamental plants
We have described the structure of P. trifolii PETP02T lipid A, which contains a trisaccharide carbohydrate backbone
The substitution of the reducing end of lipid A by a(1$1)-D-GalpA is unusual among bacteria and has been only described in lipids A from a few representatives of Gram-negative bacteria, including an associative diazotroph—Azospirillum lipoferum (Choma and Komaniecka 2008), and symbiotic bacteria—M. huakuii (Choma and Sowinski 2004), M. loti (Brown et al 2013), a stalk-forming Caulobacter crescentus (Smit et al 2008), and a thermophilic bacterium Aquifex pyrophilus (Plotz et al 2000)
Summary
The genus Phyllobacterium was originally described by Knosel (1962), mainly on the basis of phenotypic features of bacteria developing within leaf nodules of tropical ornamental plants. Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02T is the type strain of the species It has been isolated from nodules of Trifolium pratense belonging to natural clover plants of north-west Spain. A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of P. trifolii indicated that it is closely related to the members of the genus Mesorhizobium These bacteria can establish an effective symbiosis with Trifolium and Lupinus, plants that differ with regard to the nodule morphology. Trifolii and Bradyrhizobium, typical microsymbionts of clover and lupine, respectively, possess different fine structures This evidence suggests that Trifolium and Lupinus do not select their microsymbionts strictly and that the host plant receptors could be unspecific (D’Haeze and Holsters 2002; Soulemanov et al 2002; Schlaman et al 2006; Renier et al 2011).
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