Studies on larval trematodes infecting freshwater snails in Pakistan. X. Non-virgulate Xiphidiocercariae

Abstract

Eight new non-virgulate xiphidiocercariae from freshwater snails of Pakistan are described.Cercaria coheni sp. nov. has a spinose body and tail; two pairs of penetration glands, indistinguishable on the basis of their contents; a tegumental flap overhanging the anterior border of the acetabulum; 10–11 pairs of unidentified cells in the posterior half of the body; a V-shaped excretory bladder; and the flame cell formula 2[(1+1+1)+(1+1)]=10.C. craigi sp. nov. has a spinose body and tail; two pairs of penetration glands with similar contents; and a thick-walled, V-shaped excretory bladder.C. dalerkhani sp. nov. is very small; with a spinose body and tail; three pairs of penetration glands, the anterior two pairs with finely granular contents and the posterior pair with coarsely granular contents; and a bean-shaped excretory bladder.C. evelandi sp. nov. has a spinose body and an unspined tail; three pairs of penetration glands with similar contents; a roughly V-shaped excretory bladder; and the flame cell formula 2[(1+1+1)+(1+1)]=10.C. hemicaeca sp. nov. is characterized by a spinose body and an unspined tail; five pairs of penetration glands which are indistinguishable on the basis of their contents; numerous minute, lipid-like globules distributed throughout the body; an excretory bladder with a round base and wide apart cornua; and the flame cell formula 2[(1+1)+(1+1)]=8.C. friedi sp. nov. has a spined body and an unspined tail; five pairs of penetration glands with similar contents; oral sucker with a syncytial wall; an excretory bladder with a thick syncytial wall and a round base.C. nasiri sp. nov. has a spinose body and an unspined tail; ten pairs of penetration glands indistinguishable on the basis of their contents; an excretory bladder with a bean-shaped base and well developed cornua; and the flame cell formula 2[(2+2)+(2+2)]=16.C. manglaensis sp. nov. has a spinose body with several long, hair-like structures and an unspined tail bearing complete finfold; two pairs of penetration glands not differentiable on the basis of their contents; no gut beyond pharynx; a thick-walled excretory bladder with a round base and long cornua; and the flame cell formula 2[(1+1)+(1+1)]=8.