Studies on insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (Linn) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) vectors of dengue and chikungunya in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Abstract

Dengue and chikungunya are important arboviral infections in the Andaman Islands. Competent vectors viz. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are widely prevalent. The most effective proven method for interrupting the transmission of these arboviruses is vector control, mediated through insecticides. Currently, DDT and temephos are the insecticides used for vector control in these islands. Lack of information on susceptibility necessitated assessing the susceptibility profile of A. aegypti and A. albopictus. F1 generation of adult and larvae were assayed, and LT50 and LT90 values were interpreted following the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. Adults were found resistant to DDT-4% while susceptible to dieldrin-0.4%. Against organophosphates, both showed resistance to fenitrothion but susceptible to malathion-5%. Both species showed resistance to carbamate and bendiocarb-0.1% while susceptible to propoxur-0.1%. Of the four synthetic pyrethroids, both were susceptible to deltamethrin-0.05%, while resistant to permethrin-0.75%, lambdacyhalothrin-0.05% and cyfluthrin-0.15%. Larvae of both species showed resistance to temephos at 0.02mg/L but susceptible to malathion at 1mg/L and fenthion at 0.05mg/L. Currently, there is no prescribed WHO dose for adult-insecticide susceptibility testing. The emergence of resistance to DDT and temephos in the vector population poses a challenge to the on-going vector control measures. The results highlight the need for monitoring resistance to insecticides in the vector population. Impetus for source reduction and alternative choices of control measures are discussed for tackling future threat of arboviral infections in these islands.