Abstract
The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical characteristics and catalytic activity of central Indian Basin manganese nodules have been investigated. TG, XRD, IR, and chemical analysis confirm the presence of amorphous oxyhydroxides of iron and δ-MnO2or todorokite, which convert to α-Fe2O3and γ-Mn2O3or Mn3O4phases at ≥400°C of calcination. The pore volume, average pore diameter, and pore size distribution practically remain unaffected up to 400°C of heat treatment. But in the temperature range 400 to 700°C, smaller pores coalesce to form larger ones and beyond 800°C the material becomes practically nonporous. The surface hydroxyl group and surface acidity are progressively decreased with a rise in calcination temperature. The surface area, surface oxygen, electrical conductivity, as well as catalytic activity for H2O2decomposition and CO oxidation, however, follow a similar trend: a gradual increase up to 400°C of calcination and then a decrease with further increase in temperature of calcination.
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