Abstract
Previous understanding of hyperparasitism is reviewed and recommendations are made for a more precise usage of the terminology associated with this phenomenon. The ecology of Charips victrix (Westwood), a cynipid secondary parasite of primary parasite larvae in aphids, was examined in an alfalfa environment. Field data strongly indicate that C. victrix prefers to attack Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao in pea aphid more readily than any of the other 8 possible hosts. New observations on the ecology and behavior of other aphidsecondary parasites also are reported.
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