Studies on Hormonal Effects on Rooting of Marcotting and Stem-Cuttings of Akee Apple (&lt;i&gt;Blighia sapida&lt;/i&gt; K. D. Koenig)

Ehoniyotan Olayemi Ibukun

doi:10.15835/nsb849845

Abstract

The effect of hormone on the rooting of stem-cuttings and marcotting of akee apple was studied using a combination between Indole -3- Butyric Acid (IBA) and 1- Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Stem-cuttings from mature akee trees from Challenge, Jalala and Ganmo in Ilorin, were treated with different dilutions of the liquid hormone in the combination of 1.0% Indole-3- butyric acid + 0.5% 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid before propagating them in a non-mist propagator. Marcotting was also carried-out on trees, using the hormonal combination of different dilutions. Observations and the results obtained revealed that the hormonal combination had significant effect on the rooting of stem-cuttings and marcotting. Both marcotting and stem cuttings did not produce at the end of the experiment roots in the absence of the hormonal treatment; a particular aspect was marcotting that initials produced roots. On the other hand, both marcotting and stem cuttings produced roots with the hormonal treatments; more roots were produced using the combination of 2,000 ppm of IBA and 1,000 ppm of NAA, compared with lower concentrations of the hormone mixtures. After callus formation, 2,000 ppm of IBA and 1,000 ppm of NAA combination gave the best results within stem-cuttings. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the combination of IBA and NAA in appropriate concentration promoted rooting in Akee apple and therefore are highly valuable for the vegetative propagation of this species through stem cutting and marcotting.

Highlights

Ackee is native to tropical west Africa including Benin, Cameroun, Cote d’ Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo
The combined formulation was diluted into 2,000 ppm Indole -3- Butyric Acid (IBA) + 1,000 ppm Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and 1,000 ppm IBA + 500 ppm of NAA which were used for the treatment of stem-cuttings and marcotting
The incised surfaces were brushed with the different dilutions of the hormones (2,000 ppm IBA + 1,000 ppm NAA and 1,000 ppm IBA + 500 ppm) and seasoned sawdust was pressed into incised regions

Summary

Introduction

Ackee is native to tropical west Africa including Benin, Cameroun, Cote d’ Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo. It was introduced into the Caribbean area by slave traders in the 18th century and has spread across the region. It is the national fruit of Jamaica, where it is commercially cultivated (Ekuέ, 2011). It was named Blighia sapida in honor of Captain William Bligh who in 1793 took plant samples to Kew gardens in South London (Lewis, 1965; Lancashire, 2005; Rajendra et al, 2013). In Brazil, repeated small doses of an aqueous extract of the seeds have been used to expel parasites (Morton, 1987)

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