Abstract
Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. is a commonly used traditional herbal medicine. In Taiwan the leaves of E. oldhamii Maxim. are mainly used for treating lung disorders. Twenty five compounds were isolated from the leaves of E. oldhamii Maxim. in the present study. These included oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-(Z)-coumaroyl oleanolic acid (2), 3-O-(E)-coumaroyl oleanolic acid (3), 3-O-caffeoyl oleanolic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), 3-O-(Z)-coumaroyl ursolic acid (6), 3-O-(E)-coumaroyl ursolic acid (7), 3-O-caffeoyl ursolic acid (8), 3β, 13β-dihydroxyolean-11-en-28-oic acid (9), 3β, 13β-dihydroxyurs-11-en-28-oic acid (10), uvaol (11), betulin (12), lupeol (13), kaempferol (14), aromadendrin (15), epigallocatechin (16), cis-tiliroside (17), trans-tiliroside (18), isoamericanol B (19), trans-p-coumaric acid (20), protocatechuic acid (21), salicylic acid (22), trans-ferulic acid (23), syringic acid (24) and 3-O-methylgallic acid (25). Of the 25 isolated compounds, 21 compounds were identified for the first time in E. oldhamii Maxim. These included compounds 1, 4, 5 and 8–25. These 25 compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against the growth of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells by the MTT assay, and the corresponding structure-activity relationships were discussed. Among these 25 compounds, compound 6 displayed the best activity against the A549 cell line in vitro (CC50 = 8.56 ± 0.57 μg/mL, at 48 h of MTT asssay). Furthermore, compound 2, 4, 8 and 18 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against the A549 cell line with the CC50 values of less than 20 μg/mL at 48 h of MTT asssay. These five compounds 2, 4, 6, 8 and 18 exhibited better cytotoxic activity compared with cisplatin (positive control, CC50 value of 14.87 ± 1.94 μg/mL, at 48 h of MTT asssay). The result suggested that the five compounds might be responsible for its clinical anti-lung cancer effect.
Highlights
There are about 90 species of Elaeagnus around the world and nine species can be found in Taiwan [1]
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all cases of lung cancer, and the A549 cells line is a kind of non-small cell lung cancer cell which was often applied to evaluate cytotoxic activity in vitro [30,31]
The results showed that EtOAc-soluble fraction exhibited the best activity against the A549 cell line in vitro (CC50 = 45.15 ± 1.10, at 48 h of MTT asssay)
Summary
There are about 90 species of Elaeagnus around the world and nine species can be found in Taiwan [1]. The cytotoxic activities of several species of Elaeagnus have been evaluated in previous studies, e.g., E. angustifolia [7], E. umbellate [8], E. pungens [9] and E. glabra [10]. Triterpenoid, flavonoid, lignanoid and benzenoid compounds were isolated from several species of Elaeagnus, e.g., E. pungens [23], E. bockii [24], E. lanceolata, [25,26]. A total of 25 compounds (Figure 1) were isolated from the leaves of E. oldhamii Maxim. Time in the leaves of E. oldhamii Maxim Eleven of these compounds, including 2–4, 6–10, 13, 18 and 19 were evaluated for the first time regarding their cytotoxic activity in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells by MTT assay. The isolation procedure, the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and the cytotoxic activity of these total 25 isolates are described
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