Studies on Anti microbial Potential of Non-antibiotics on Resistant Bacteria – A Review

Abstract

The non-chemotherapeutic compounds, synthetic compounds and naturally isolated compounds possess good antimicrobial activity against microbial infections is a well-known fact. In this state the term non-antibiotics is taken to include a variety of pharmacologically active compounds which are useful in the management of pathological conditions of anon-infectious diseases that modify cell permeability and have been shown to exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Of the nonantibiotic medicinal compounds, neuroleptic as well as phenothiazine inhibited the extracellular and intracellular efflux pump system and particularly intracellular efflux pumps has been the main research focus in multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. The increase and spread of drug resistance is exerted by unsystematic usage of antibiotics for prolonged periods and over use of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial agents are inactivated by the following resistance mechanisms. Multi drug efflux pump and alteration of membrane protein are based on the persistence of resistance genes. A review of literature on a number of research articles suggests that some of these and other membrane active compounds improve the activity of conventional antibiotics, eliminate the natural resistance to particular antibiotics, and exhibit good activity against multi drug resistant form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. Thus, non-antibiotics particularly anti depressants, antipsychotics, anti-hypertensive agent, anti-spasmodic drug, anti-inflammatory agent and Cardio vascular drug have a significant role in the treatment of microbial infections which had shown their synergistic effect with penicillin and some other antibiotics. These effects would help to reduce the dose of antibiotics to patients suffering from specific bacterial infections.