Abstract
Objective: To evaluate acute toxicity of Heptoplus (polyherbal drug) in Sprague-Dawley rats and to identify the active ingredients of the herbal drug.Methods: Heptoplus was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and the HPTLC fingerprint profile of herbal drug was documented. OECD guideline 423-Acute toxic class method was followed to evaluate the oral toxicity of Heptoplus in Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute toxicity studies, Group I (control) rats received 0.5% of carboxymethyl cellouse (Vehicle). Group II rats received 2000 mg/kg b. w of Heptoplus. The rats were observed on the day of dosing and thereafter for 14 d, for any toxic effect. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Heptoplus revealed total phenol, flavonoid, carbohydrate, and tannins as its major constituents. The total phenol and flavonoid content of Heptoplus was found to be 170 μg of gallic acid and 162 μg of quercetin equivalent. HPTLC analysis proved that phyllanthin is an active compound of Heptoplus. Acute oral toxicity assays showed Heptoplus administration did not result in any treatment-related mortality, abnormal clinical signs, and loss of body weight or gross pathological changes in rats. Hence, LD50 value of Heptoplus was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b. wt.Conclusion: Heptoplus contain phyllanthin as an active ingredient. LD50 value of Heptoplus was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b. wt.
Highlights
In the ancient times, larger use of plants as medicines have been reported which were initially taken in the form of crude drugs such as tinctures, elixirs, poultices, powders, and other herbal formulations
Toxicology study is one of the important aspects of pharmacology, which deals with the adverse effects of the bioactive substances on living organisms, before use as a drug for ailments
Constituents were higher in the aqueous extract of Heptoplus, the total phenol and flavonoids concentration were determined quantitatively; the data obtained are presented in fig. 1
Summary
Larger use of plants as medicines have been reported which were initially taken in the form of crude drugs such as tinctures, elixirs, poultices, powders, and other herbal formulations. Use of these herbal products, without scientific origin, is totally useless and unsafe. Toxicology studies help us to make a decision, whether a new drug should be adopted for clinical use or not. OECD 401, 423 and 425 classes emphasize that any new drug before coming to the market has to undergo clinical trial and toxicity studies [2]. Heptoplus contains Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae), Eclipta Alba (Asteraceae), Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae), Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Picrorhiza kurroa (Plantaginaceae), Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), Pinius succinifera (Pinaceae), Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae), Orchis mascula (Orchidaceae) and Cycas circinalis (Cycadaceae) as ingredients
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