Studies of Water VI. One-Band, Two-Band and Three-Band, Trappy, Protonic, Semiconductor Lattice Models for Pure Liquid Water * * Our study of water began in earnest on the 7th of July, 2013 in order to give a presentation on Friday, the 13th of September, 2013, at the Sah Pen-Tung 111th Anniversary Memorial Symposium of the 2013 Fall National Meeting of

Abstract

This report adds three protonic semiconductor models to explain the " abnormally” high electrical conductivity of pure liquid water characterized by the three industrial consensus parameters, the ion product (or pH) and the two ion mobilities. Existence of long-range order in fluid water under numerous daily conditions led us to extend the 1933 Bernal-Fowler hexagonally close packed crystalline Ice Lattice to model liquid water as Melted Ice. Protonic kinetic energy band and bound (trap) pictures provide semiconductor-physics based new models of these three parameters. They are extrapolatable engineered-models for developing novel biological, chemical, electrical, mechanical and medical applications of liquid water.