Abstract
A photoelectric glottograph utilizing transillumination of the larynx was constructed to sense variations in glottal aperture. Treating the ac variations in glottal area as equal to the variations in sound pressure at the level of the glottis (a reasonable approximation for most modes of phonation), a spectral analysis of the “glottal wave” during running speech revealed a spectrum whose shape changed during changes in the pressure differential across the glottis, e.g., during voiced stops. Simultaneous recordings of the glottographic and acoustic signals during steady-state “creaky voice” (or “vocal fry”) revealed that the number of glottal openings were greater than or equal to the number of sound pulses. Glottal openings in creaky voice typically occur in groups of two or three, but only the last of each group invariably has sufficient energy to excite the vocal tract. This explains the disparate findings in previous studies of creaky voice which were solely physiological or solely acoustic. [Work supported by National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and the Office of Naval Research.]
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