Studies of the movement of ice through low-pressure waterworks

Abstract

Passage of ice through hydraulic structures is a significant and urgent issue for study. When examining this issue, various conditions should be taken into account. Thus, the successful passage of ice through hydraulic structures depends both on ice characteristics, the parameters of the spillway structures, and on the ice movement velocity in front of the spillway. The goals have been formed; the research tasks have been set. As a result, a theoretical solution to determine the bending moments necessary for calculating the fracture of ice floes has been obtained. The proposed analytical solution for determining the bending moments is found based on a system solution of differential equations of a rigid body motion in a fluid. The assumptions made for this case are set out in the article. The resulting dependence makes it possible to determine the bending moments in any section of the ice section and take into account the flow dynamics. A complex of laboratory studies was carried out, aimed at studying the ice movement velocities on the developed and manufactured model of a spillway with a wide threshold, in front of which an auxiliary threshold is installed to create a concentrated fall. The dependence for determining the velocity in the form of a trigonometric function is obtained and converted into a convenient formula. The performed calculations are compared with the field data and satisfactory results are given.