Abstract
KASCADE-Grande is an air shower observatory devoted to the detection of cosmic rays in the 1016 – 1018eV energy range. For each event the arrival direction, the total number of charged particles (Nch) and the total number of muons (Nμ), at detection level (i.e. 110 m a.s.l.), are measured. The detection of these observarbles, with high accuracy, allows the study of the primary spectrum, chemical composition and large scale anisotropies, that are the relevant informations to investigate the astrophysics of cosmic rays in this energy range. These studies are of main importance to deeply investigate the change of slope of the primary spectrum detected at ~ 4 × 1015 eV, also known as the knee, and to search for the transition from galactic to extra-galactic cosmic rays.
Highlights
To unveil the origin, nature, propagation and acceleration mechanism of galactic cosmic rays, high resolution measurements with high statistics of the energy spectrum, chemical composition and arrival directions are needed
All particle energy spectrum The energy of the primary particle that originated the detected extensive air showers (EAS) is determined by the KASCADE-Grande experiment by means of the number of charged particles (Nch) and Nμ observables[7], combining these two variables we can lower the dependence from the chemical composition of the primary particles
From its definition is clear that k is a number centered around zero for proton generated events, if expressed as a function of Nch for Monte Carlo events, assuming intermediate values for all other primaries
Summary
Nature, propagation and acceleration mechanism of galactic cosmic rays, high resolution measurements with high statistics of the energy spectrum, chemical composition and arrival directions are needed. EAS and detection fluctuations prevent the measurement of the primary mass on an event by event basis, the precision obtained by the KASCADE-Grande experiment allows to separate events into mass groups. A search for anisotropies in the arrival directions of primary cosmic rays has been performed using the East-West analysis technique with the events detected by the Grande array.
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