Studies of Mixed Micellization Behavior of Promethazine Hydrochloride and Triton X-100 in the Presence of Additives Using Multiple Techniques

Abstract

In the present study, we have examined the mixed micellization behavior of promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 mixtures at different mole fractions of TX-100 (α1) in aqueous solutions with and without additives (CTAB, glycine, vitamin-C and PVP) using conductometric, tensiometric and fluorescence techniques. PMT belongs to a class of amphiphilic drugs called phenothiazines and is used as an antihistamine, analgesic and sedative. Various parameters which include the ideal critical micelle concentration (cmcid), ideal micellar mole fraction, $$X_{1}^{\text{id}}$$ , of TX-100, micellar composition, $$X_{1}^{\text{mic}}$$ , of TX-100, interaction parameter (β), activity coefficients ( $$f_{1}^{\text{mic}}$$ and $$f_{2}^{\text{mic}}$$ ), thermodynamic parameters $$\left( {\Delta G_{\text{mic}}^{ 0} , \;\Delta G_{\text{ad}}^{0} \;{\text{and}}\;\Delta G_{\text{mic}}^{\text{E}} } \right)$$ and interfacial parameters (Γmax, Amin, and Πcmc) have been calculated by using Clint’s and Rubingh’s models. In our study, we have found that the cmc < cmcid, β < 0 and $$f_{1}^{\text{mic}}$$ and $$f_{2}^{\text{mic}}$$ < 1; all the mixtures show synergism $$X_{1}^{\text{id}}$$ as well as non-ideality. The values of $$\Delta G_{\text{ad}}^{0} > \Delta G_{\text{mic}}^{ 0}$$ for all the systems indicate that adsorption phenomenon occurs primarily as compared to the micellization process. The negative values of $$\Delta G_{\text{mic}}^{\text{E}}$$ for all α1 in the absence and presence of additives indicate greater stability of the micelles of mixtures than for the micelles of pure components. The interfacial parameters give information about the packing of amphiphilic molecules.