Abstract
For an evolved red giant of 1.1 M0 (Re and heavy-element core of 1.0 M0, H-rich envelope of 0.1 i ) we investigate the dynamic instabilities which result when the luminosity exceeds the limiting value Lo for a static envelope. Assuming a constant opacity, L0 102 3[(M/1ii0)/K} L0. When L > L0, the H-rich envelope expands and detaches itself as a shell from the stellar core with final velocities of a few km 2 and rates of mass flow of 10- -10- Io . There exists an infrared phase which lasts until the entire escaping envelope is optically thin and becomes heated by the ultraviolet radiation from the stellar remnant. If T- and p-dependent opacities were used, the value of Lo would increase somewhat and the ejection of the 11-rich envelope would be preceded by pulsation. These instabilities may be responsible for the pulsation of long-period variables, the ejection of planetary nebulae, and the formation of certain infrared objects.
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