Abstract
The electrode reactions and pathways involved in the electrochemical fabrication of highly ordered ultrathin ZnO nanorod/nanobelt arrays in alkaline solutions of amine−alcohol mixtures are systematically studied and revealed. These include electrochemical surface oxidation of the Zn cathode to Zn(OH)42−, simultaneous in situ nucleation of ZnO from the Zn(OH)42− ions on the cathode, and subsequent amine-capped growth into the ZnO nanobelt/nanorod arrays. It is shown that the growth step can also be supported by the Zn(OH)42− source from the anodic oxidation, and the growth from this source actually yields much more uniform and smooth nanobelt/nanorod arrays than those from only the cathodic source. Furthermore, the strategy has been successfully applied to the fabrication of a ZnO nanorod array on an ITO substrate covered with a Zn film, which promises exciting applications in solar cell and sensor devices.
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