Studies of Bone-Bonding Ability and Antibacterial Properties of Ag+, Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions Doping within Hench’s Bioglass and Glass-Ceramic Derivatives

Abstract

Derived Hench’s bioglasses with specific ionic dopants Ag+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ have been prepared. The bone-boding ability or bioactivity behavior for the prepared glasses and their glass-ceramic derivatives has been investigated after immersion in phosphate solution for two weeks. Collective Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were conducted in order to study the in-vitro bioactivity behavior. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out to identify the crystallized phases upon thermal heat treatment through a two-step regime. The glasses and their glass-ceramic derivatives were tested to study their antibacterial or antifungal efficiency responding to the doped metal ions. FTIR spectra revealed the generation of two split peaks at about 560 and 605 cm−1, after immersion in (0.2 M) sodium phosphate solution (Na3PO4), signifying the formation of a crystalline calcium phosphate phase, leading to hydroxyapatite formation. SEM examinations show characteristic rounded or nodular microcrystals for hydroxyapatite which support the FTIR data. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated crystallization of the main soda-lime silicate phase (1Na2O.2CaO.3SiO2) besides a secondary silicon phosphate phase (SiO2.P2O5) in the studied glass ceramics. The route of crystallization is discussed on the basis of the presence of 6% P2O5; which facilitates the formation of phase separation and voluminous bulk crystallization of the main soda-lime silicate phase. The introduction of dopants is identified to cause no changes in the precipitated phases, with only minor changes in the percent of the crystalline phases. Experimental data indicate that the glass-ceramic samples are effective in bioactivity and antimicrobial efficiency.