Abstract

Fundamental aspects of the Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) and other closely related coal liquefaction processes have been investigated to delineate the effects of changes in process operating conditions, equipment configuration, and nature of raw materials upon the kinetics, mechanism, and extent of coal dissolution, heteroatom removal, and hydrogenation. This has been accomplished by developing new process concepts, such as coal mineral catalysis in the SRC I process and a new short residence time catalytic two-stage SRC process, by systematically evaluating process variables, and by applying various analytical techiques, such as Coulter Counter analysis, high pressure liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, x-ray fluorescence analysis, etc. To characterize the coal liquefaction products. Three distinctive reactors have been used for this purpose: a conventional autoclave reactor, a small tubing-bomb microreactor, and a transparent visual microreactor. Kentucky No. 9/14 coal mixture has been mainly studied along with several other coals such as Illinois No. 6, Pittsburgh No. 8, Monterey, and Amax. The main process variables are: temperature (350 to 450/sup 0/C), hydrogen pressure (500 to 3000 psig), catalyst, reaction time, and type of coal (pretreatment).

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