Abstract
Background: Studies across subspecialties of neurology (SON) report noninferiority of telemedicine (TM) compared with face-to-face intervention (FTF-I). Clinical scales (CS) are important tools for outcome measures in clinical care. However, which CS in FTF-I can be used in teleneurology is unclear. Objectives: Define the most used CS in studies comparing TM with FTF-I in different SON. Design and Setting/Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials, published from 2011 to April 2021, with Key words ‘’telemedicine’’ cross-referenced with ‘’neurology’’ or neurological diseases, considering the synonyms. Results: 43 eligible studies in 400 records, from 12 countries, with 5600 patients and 8 SON: stroke (10), headache (4), epilepsy (6), cognitive disorders (7), demyelinating diseases (8), movement disorders (3), neuromuscular diseases (3), and vestibular diseases (2). The most used CS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) for stroke impairment and limitation; Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) for headache disability; Quality Of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOL-31) for seizure burden; Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) for cognitive function and caregiver burden in dementia care; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) for disability and fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis; Parkinson’s disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for QOL and disability in PD; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) for severity in ALS; and Vertigo Symptom Scale Short form (VSS-SF) for vertigo. Conclusions: We present feasible CS usually applied in teleneurology that can be used as important tools for future findings in TM research and practice.
Highlights
Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiology of a migraine attack
The present review study aimed to address the mechanisms of action of capsaicin and other chemical inducers in mast cell degranulation and an interaction of nerves and events that happen in the dura mater with the activation of mast cells
Conclusion: the analyzed data indicate that the polymorphisms contributed to the susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD), further studies related to the polymorphisms and their relationship to PD are still needed for more ethnic groups, and early diagnosis is possible
Summary
Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiology of a migraine attack. Methods: A literature review and an observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on treatment for acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis, available at DATASUS from January 2008 to December 2020, and articles available at Scielo and PubMed. Results: There were 7,917 hospitalizations, representing a total expenditure of R$ 9,392,552.04, 2009 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (809) and 2017 with the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 967,284.65). Methods: A literature review and an observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on surgical treatment was carried out, available from January 2008 to December 2020 and articles available in Scielo, Lilacs and PubMed. Results: There were 15,148 hospitalizations for surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma, representing a total expenditure of R$ 45,365,258.21, with 2018 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (1,418) and with the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 4,570,334.28). Conclusions: The “Coca-Cola Bottle sign” is a classic sign of Graves’ disease, some signs, such as, unilateral and single orbital musculature involvement, may be suggestive of involvement by other etiologies, suggesting the benefit of an early expanded investigation
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