Student Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy Education

Abstract

This study explored student pharmacists' perceptions and attitudes regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in pharmacy practice. Due to AI/ML's promising prospects, understanding students' current awareness, comprehension, and hopes for their use in this field is essential. In May 2024, a Zoom focus group discussion was conducted with six student pharmacists using a self-developed interview guide. The guide included questions about the benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations of implementing AI/ML in pharmacy practice and education. The participants' demographic information was collected through a questionnaire. The research team conducted a thematic analysis of the discussion transcript. The results generated by a team member using NVivo were compared with those generated by ChatGPT, and all discrepancies were addressed. Student pharmacists displayed a generally positive attitude towards the implementation of AI/ML in pharmacy practice but lacked knowledge about AI/ML applications. Participants recognized several advantages of AI/ML implementation in pharmacy practice, including improved accuracy and time-saving for pharmacists. Some identified challenges were alert fatigue, AI/ML-generated errors, and the potential obstacle to person-centered care. The study participants expressed their interest in learning about AI/ML and their desire to integrate these technologies into pharmacy education. The demand for integrating AI/ML into pharmacy practice is increasing. Both student and professional pharmacists need additional AI/ML training to equip them with knowledge and practical skills. Collaboration between pharmacists, institutions, and AI/ML companies is essential to address barriers and advance AI/ML implementation in the pharmacy field.