Abstract

Stryphnodendron spp., popularly known as “barbatimão”, is the native Brazilian tree most often employed to treat wounds and infections. The aim of the present study was to highlight the importance of S. adstringens, as well as other Stryphnodendron species recognized as “barbatimão”, to human health, depicting the relevance of ethnopharmacological knowledge to scientific evidence for uses, related chemical compounds, development of pharmaceutical formulations, and the establishment of toxicity parameters. For this purpose, the literature databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, CAPES Thesis and Google Scholar were searched until 2017. It was observed that stem bark was the primary part of the plant used, mainly as a decoction, for wound healing and treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Confirmed biological activities, including wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, were related to the presence of compounds from tannin class, mostly proanthocyanidins. Toxicity parameters for stem bark were inconclusive, but toxicity was observed to a significant extent when seeds were ingested by cattle or other animals. Due to these important and confirmed biological activities, government policy encourages the phytotherapic use of S. adstringens, and some formulations with stem bark extracts were developed and patented. Furthermore, antiprotozoal, hypoglycemic and antiviral activities were identified as promising.

Highlights

  • Plants are a source of molecules with a wide variety of applications, and humanity has learned to harness their benefits and to recognize their toxic effects throughout history

  • 3-O-(3,5-dimethyl)gallate and epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy)benzoate required subjecting the subfraction obtained using the multi-layer method to multi-layer coil counter current chromatography (MLCCC), generating a subfraction that was submitted to column chromatography (CC), followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), from which the compounds in the subfraction were acetylated, semi-purified using thin layer chromatography (TLC)

  • HPLC with reverse-phase column was used to analyze the organic phase of the fraction obtain from the liquid-liquid partitioning of ethanolic extracts from the barks of S. adstringens and S. rotundifolium using ethyl acetate:butanol:i-propanol:water (3.5:0.5:1.0:4.5, v/v/v/v), which was characterized by the presence of gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate [56,65]

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Summary

Introduction

Plants are a source of molecules with a wide variety of applications, and humanity has learned to harness their benefits and to recognize their toxic effects throughout history. Data compilation reviewing the studies already done with Stryphnodendron spp. barks will contribute to the phytotherapeutic use of “barbatimão” in the health care system and to the development of efficient formulations This data compilation will highlight the gaps still present in literature in order to elucidate the safe use of the barks in a sustainable way and to create a future in which the active molecules of the extract can be utilized as new drugs or new drug prototypes. The aim of the present work is to review the existing information available about the benefits of S. adstringens and other “barbatimão” species from the Stryphnodendron genus to human health, thereby demonstrating the relevance of folk knowledge to scientifically-proven biological activities, formulations developed, toxicity parameters, and the main compounds involved

Data Collection Methodology
General Aspects on Literature about Stryphnodendron
Botanical Features and Sustainable Management Aspects
Ethnopharmacological Uses
Metabolites Identified in Stryphnodendron Species
Extraction and Analysis of Tannin Metabolites of Stryphnodendron Species
Correlated Biological Activities
Anti-inflammatory Activity of “barbatimão” and Correlation to Antinociception
Antioxidant Property Might Mediate Claimed Anticancer Activity
Antimicrobial Activity Corroborates Oral and Genitourinary Use
Anthelmintic Activity and Other Promising Activities
Cytotoxicity and Toxicology
Findings
Conclusions
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