Structures, Organization, and Delivery of Kidney Care to Children Living in Low-Resource Settings

Abstract

IntroductionThere is a disparity in the availability of healthcare for children in resource-constrained countries. The International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA) commissioned an initiative exploring the challenges in the care of children with kidney disease in low/middle-income countries(L/MICs) with a focus on human, diagnostic, and therapeutic resources. MethodsA survey was sent by e-mail to all members of IPNA and its affiliated regional/national societies residing in L/MICs. Data was extracted from individual responses after merging duplicate data. Descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. ResultsResponses were obtained from 245 centers across 62 countries representing 88% of the L/MIC pediatric population. Regional disparity in the availability of basic diagnostic and therapeutic resources was noted. Even when resources were available, they were not accessible or affordable in 15-20% of centers. Acute and chronic dialysis were available in 85% and 75% of centers respectively. Lack of trained nurses, pediatric-specific supplies, and high costs were barriers to providing dialysis in these regions. Kidney transplantation was available in 32 % of centers, with the cost of transplantation and lack of surgical expertise reported as barriers. About 65 % of centers reported that families with chronic disease opted to discontinue care with financial burden as the most common reason cited. ConclusionThe survey highlights the existing gaps in workforce, diagnostic, and therapeutic resources for pediatric kidney care in resource-constrained regions. We need to strengthen the healthcare workforce, address disparities in healthcare resources and funding, and advocate for equitable access to medications, and kidney replacement therapy.