Abstract
Here, we describe the structure of three actinobacteriophage capsids that infect Mycobacterium smegmatis. The capsid structures were resolved to approximately six angstroms, which allowed confirmation that each bacteriophage uses the HK97-fold to form their capsid. One bacteriophage, Rosebush, may have a novel variation of the HK97-fold. Four novel accessory proteins that form the capsid head along with the major capsid protein were identified. Two of the accessory proteins were minor capsid proteins and showed some homology, based on bioinformatic analysis, to the TW1 bacteriophage. The remaining two accessory proteins are decoration proteins that are located on the outside of the capsid and do not resemble any previously described bacteriophage decoration protein. SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry was used to identify the accessory proteins and bioinformatic analysis of the accessory proteins suggest they are used in many actinobacteriophage capsids.
Highlights
The Actinobacteria are a gram-positive phylum that contains many human pathogens, includingMycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus
Their purpose is unknown and further experiments are needed, have no known structural homologues. Their purpose is unknown and further experiments are for example deletion of the decoration proteins from the bacteriophages, to measure their effect on needed, for example deletion of the decoration proteins from the bacteriophages, to measure their capsid stability and infectivity. We hypothesize that both accessory proteins of Patience
We hypothesize that both accessory proteins of Patience annotate as gp15 and gp29) are likely involved in capsid stability with gp29 acting like other minor are likely involved in capsid stability with gp29 acting like coat proteins and gp15 linking them together
Summary
The Actinobacteria are a gram-positive phylum that contains many human pathogens, includingMycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus. A recent renaissance in using bacteriophages to treat multi-drug resistant bacteria has led to a handful of successful cases. The most recent being the treatment of a patient infected with multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium abscessus [1]. The viruses (bacteriophages) that infect these bacteria contain a huge reservoir of genes with no known homologues to those found in the domains of life. To characterize these bacteriophages and their genes, the Science. There are 145 participating institutions, and the program collectively has isolated over 17,000 bacteriophages of Actinobacteria hosts [2,3], of which over 3000 have been sequenced and annotated
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