Structures and Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids

Abstract

This chapter gives a brief review on the structures and thermodynamic properties of ionic liquids. It is organized as follows. The introduction gives the definition and application fields of ionic liquids. Following that is the main part where we present a review on the density, phase behavior, enthalpy of vaporization, and heat capacity of ionic liquids. The properties of both pure ionic liquids and mixtures with ionic liquids are discussed. Some experimental pieces of apparatus for working with these properties are introduced briefly. We then review the correlations with the experimental data and prediction methods based on MD or ab initio methods. In the discussion of phase behavior, the vapor–liquid equilibria, liquid–liquid equilibria, and the activity coefficients at infinite dilution are presented separately. In the last part, a summary and outlook on this topic are given.