Abstract
With the fast bloom of flexible electronics and green vehicles, it is vitally important to rationally design and facilely construct customized functional materials with excellent mechanical properties as well as high electrochemical performance. Herein, by utilizing two modern industrial techniques, digital light processing (DLP) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a unique 3D hollow graphite foam (HGF) is demonstrated, which shows a periodic porous structure and robust mechanical properties. Finite element analysis (FEA) results confirm that the properly designed gyroidal porous structure provides a uniform stress area and mitigates potential structural failure caused by stress concentrations. A typical HGF can show a high Young's modulus of 3.18 MPa at a low density of 48.2 mg cm−3. The porous HGF is further covered by active MnO2 material with a high mass loading of 28.2 mg cm−2 (141 mg cm−3), and the MnO2/HGF electrode still achieves a satisfactory specific capacitance of 260 F g−1, corresponding to a high areal capacitance of 7.35 F cm−2 and a high volumetric capacitance of 36.75 F cm−3. Furthermore, the assembled quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor also shows remarkable mechanical properties as well as electrochemical performance.
Highlights
The growing requirement for energy in electronics as well as vehicles has prompted extensive researches on the development of high-performance energy storage devices with higher energy densities and power densities [1,2,3,4]
The schematic fabrication process of the MnO2/hollow graphite foam (HGF) electrode with the photographs of the samples at each step is shown in Figure 1 (more details are in the Supplementary Materials)
A gyroid SiO2 template was firstly designed by computer software and prepared by the high-resolution digital light processing (DLP) technology with photopolymerization of UV-curable resin mixed with SiO2 microspheres
Summary
The growing requirement for energy in electronics as well as vehicles has prompted extensive researches on the development of high-performance energy storage devices with higher energy densities and power densities [1,2,3,4]. With the fast development of 3D printing technology, it has been widely utilized for the construction of functional materials with unique predesigned structures for efficient energy storage devices [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. 3D graphene/graphite-based materials have been widely studied for high-performance energy storage devices due to their low density, high conductivity, and excellent electrochemical stability [20,21,22,23,24]. The 3D HGF with hierarchical porous structure and robust mechanical properties, the customizable facile fabrication process using 3D printing and CVD, together with the promising mechanical and electrochemical properties would pave a good way for the development of high-performance energy storage devices
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