Abstract
To summarize the main findings from research on structured abstracts. A narrative review of all the relevant papers known to the author was conducted. Authors and readers judged the structured abstracts to be more useful than traditional ones. In 1987 the Ad Hoc Working Group for Critical Appraisal of the Medical Literature proposed guidelines for informative seven-headings abstracts. In 1990 Haynes et al. reconsidered the structured abstract of clinical research and review articles and proposed revised guidelines. Nowadays, most abstracts are informative, and the most commonly used structure is IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results And Discussion) format. There are many variations in the structured-abstract formats prescribed by different journals. But even in recent years, not all abstracts of original articles are structured. More research is needed on a number of questions related to the quality and utility of structured abstracts.
Highlights
In patients who have symptomatic deep venous thrombosis, the long-term risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism and the incidence and severity of post-thrombotic sequelae have not been well documented
Routine screening tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Canadian hospitals that treat many patients born in countries with a known high HBsAg prevalence is recommended
The presence of cancer and of impaired coagulation inhibition increased the risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism
Summary
To ascertain whether surgical therapy for obesity achieves better weight loss, health, and quality of life than nonsurgical therapy Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: University departments of medicine and surgery and an affiliated private hospital. Patients: 80 adults with mild to moderate obesity (body mass index, 30 kg/m2 to 35 kg/m2) from the general community. Interventions: Patients were assigned to a program of very-low-calorie diets, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle change for 24 months (nonsurgical group) or to placement of a laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAP-BAND System, INAMED Health, Santa Barbara, California) (surgical group). Measurements: Outcome measures were weight change, presence of the metabolic syndrome, and change in quality of life at 2 years
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