Structure-Based Discovery of Thiosemicarbazone Metalloproteinase Inhibitors for Hemorrhage Treatment in Snakebites.

Abstract

The venoms of snakes are composed by many toxins, which are responsible for various toxic effects including intense pain, bleeding disorders, and local tissue damage caused by hemorrhage and necrosis. The snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are proteolytic zinc-dependent enzymes acting in different hemostatic mechanisms. In this work, a structure-based molecular modeling strategy was used for the rational design, by means of a homology 3D model of an SVMP isolated from Bothrops pauloensis venom (BpMP-I), followed by synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new thiosemicarbazones as the first inhibitors of the B. pauloensis SVMP. Besides being effective for the SVMP inhibition, two molecules were shown to be effective also in vivo, inhibiting hemorrhage caused by the B. pauloensis whole venom. Docking studies on metalloproteinases from other snake species suggest that the thiosemicarbazones activity is not confined to BpMP-I, but seems to be a common feature of metzincins.