Abstract
ZnO microrods were grown by aqueous bath synthesis at 90 °C and annealed at 400 °C in air. Both scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the ZnO microrods are wurtzite crystallographic phase with metastable (0 0 2) preferred orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra show that Zn 2p and O 1s spectra mainly originate from the Zn2+ and O2− ions in Zn–O bonds, respectively. Photoluminescence spectra of ZnO microrods are dominated by outstanding ultraviolet (UV) emission bands, which are attributed to the first, the second or the third longitudinal optical phonon replicas of free-exciton (EFX) emission. The degeneration of (0 0 2) crystalline planes causes the intensity decline and the redshift of UV emission peaks in the ZnO microrods.
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