Abstract
In this work, new bio-based copoly(ester amide)s were synthesized by a two-step melt polycondensation process, using 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (DMFDC), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), with different DAP content. The chemical structure of the obtained poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-co-poly(propylene furanamide) (PTF-co-PPAF) copolymers was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to provide more details of the polycondensation process. Thermal properties of the obtained materials were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic–mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The copolymers were amorphous and their glass transition temperature increased with the increase in the poly(propylene furanamide) (PPAF) content. The synthesized PTF-co-PPAF copolymers exhibited improved thermal and thermo-oxidative stability up to 300 °C. In addition, from the performed mechanical tests, it was found that along with the increase in PPAF content, Young's modulus increased, while at the same time, the value of elongation at break decreased.Graphical
Highlights
Polyamides based on renewable raw materials have aroused the interest of scientists for many years
Already in the 40 s of the 20th century, polyamide 11 was first synthesized from castor oil (Rilsan) [1]. 20 years later, the first syntheses of polyamides based on 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) took place [2]
PTF-co-PPAF copoly(ester amide)s were synthesized by a two-stage melt polycondensation method
Summary
Polyamides based on renewable raw materials have aroused the interest of scientists for many years. 20 years later, the first syntheses of polyamides based on 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) took place [2]. The decreasing resources of fossil fuels and the growing ecological awareness of the society have only increased the interest in the use of renewable raw materials in the production of polymers in recent years. Similar to terephthalic acid (TPA), in 2004, it was recognized as one of the 12 most promising compounds of plant origin for the synthesis of polymeric materials [6]. The use of FDCA allows obtaining materials with better properties than their counterparts based on TPA. An example is poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF), which is characterized by much better barrier properties (11 9 lower O2 permeability, 19 9 lower CO2 permeability) than widely used, especially in the packaging industry, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [19, 20]
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