Structure of the NADH-dependent thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase TADH from Thermus sp. ATN1 provides a platform for engineering specificity and improved compatibility with inorganic cofactor-regeneration catalysts

Abstract

Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) of the medium chain reductase (MDR) subfamily are valuable biocatalysts for the production of optically active alcohols and are now used routinely in industry for the preparation of synthetic intermediates. TADH from Thermus sp. ATN1 combines the advantages of both thermostability and dependence on the less expensive, non-phosphoryated, cofactor NADH as the hydride donor. The structure of TADH in complex with NADH has been determined and refined to a resolution of 2.74 A. The structure reveals structural features commensurate with known stabilising factors of thermostable MDRs, including shorter peripheral loops and an increased amount of inter- and intra-subunit salt bridges and hydrogen bonds compared to mesophilic MDRs of known structure. A study of the active site reveals the molecular determinants of NADH and substrate binding in TADH that help to shed light on observed differences in cofactor specificity and stereoselectivity when compared to its thermophilic NADPH-dependent homolog from Thermoanaerobium brockii (TbADH). The structure also provides a basis for investigating the enzyme-associated deactivation of the catalyst ([Cp*Rh(bpy)(H 2 O)] 2+ ), which has been used in TADH-catalysed reactions for the recycling of the nicotinamide cofactor.