Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-4151) secretes an exopolysaccharide whose carbohydrate backbone is decorated with amino acids, likely conferring its properties that are appreciated in cosmetics. Here, the secreted polysaccharide of another strain of V. alginolyticus (CNCM I-5034) was characterized by chromatography and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiments. The structure was resolved and shows that the carbohydrate backbone is made of four residues: D-galactose (Gal), D-galacturonic acid (GalA) D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), forming a tetrasaccharide repetition unit [→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→3)-α-d-Gal-(1→3)-α-d-GalA-(1→3)-β-GlcNAc(1→]. GlcA is derivatized with a lactate group giving ‘nosturonic acid’, and GalA is decorated with the amino acid alanine.
Highlights
Polysaccharides are the most abundant and most diverse biopolymers on land and in the ocean.The wide stereochemical variability of monosaccharides and the numerous linkage possibilities offer an immense number of possible polysaccharide structures
A recent study shows that EPSs secreted by the Gram-negative marine bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-4994) is decorated by amino acids, which are probably responsible for the biological properties of the macromolecules that are used as an ingredient in the cosmetics industry under the trademark “EPS White” [7]
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering confirmed that the purified EPS is likely composed of one species of molecule having a molecular weight (MW) of 1.11 × 106 Da with a narrow polydispersity index of 1.2
Summary
Polysaccharides are the most abundant and most diverse biopolymers on land and in the ocean. Marine EPSs have aroused considerable interest, and in vitro experiments highlight their biological activity, including anti-tumor activity, immunostimulatory activity, and anticomplementary activity, as well as the involvement in bone and tissue regeneration [3,4,5] Their use in industry as gelling or thickening agents faces heavy competition from the already marketed terrestrial bacterial EPSs, such as xanthan (Xanthomonas campestris) or gellan Large-scale production can be controlled, and, in contrast to that of plant and algal EPSs, is independent of seasonal variation. A recent study shows that EPSs secreted by the Gram-negative marine bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-4994) is decorated by amino acids, which are probably responsible for the biological properties of the macromolecules that are used as an ingredient in the cosmetics industry under the trademark “EPS White” [7]. This polysaccharide has promising wound healing properties and stimulate skin immunity
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