STRUCTURE OF THE EXCRETORY DUCT OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND: HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES

Abstract

There are a number of reasons that lead to inadequate salivation or complete cessation of salivation. Among others, one of the main can be systemic diseases like Sjögren’s syndrome, and the use of medication, dysbiotic changes in oral cavity and stress. Most often, patients with xerostomia disturbed itching and burning in the mouth, taste disturbance, difficulty in speaking and swallowing food (especially dry), and difficulty wearing dentures. Hypofunction of salivary glands can lead to different outcomes in the mouth. The most common are, first of all, the loss of gloss of the oral mucosa, it atrophic changes, the appearance of fissures and lobes on the back of the tongue, the development of angular cheilitis, dysbiotic change, and the development of multiple caries. If xerostomia oral mucosa requires compliance with the rules of oral hygiene and constant daily moisturizing. The best method of relief of patients is to stimulate the secretion and the mandatory use of wetting agents to the oral mucosa. A thorough intra-oral and extra-oral clinical examination is important for diagnosis. Treatment may include the use of salivary substitutes (Biotene), salivary stimulants such as pilocarpine, ongoing dental care, caries prevention, a review of the current prescription drug regimen and possible elimination of drugs having anticholinergic effects. The article presents the results of histological and immunohistochemical features of the structure of the main excretory duct of the parotid salivary gland for the presence of muscle structures in it and clarifying the possibility of their influence on the development of xerostomia.