Structure of Tau filaments in Prion protein amyloidoses

Grace I Hallinan,Manali Ghosh,Ruben Vidal,Wen Jiang,Holly J Garringer,Bernardino Ghetti,Md Rejaul Hoq,Frank S Vago,Anllely Fernandez

doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02336-w

Grace I Hallinan, Manali Ghosh + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02336-w

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Abstract

In human neurodegenerative diseases associated with the intracellular aggregation of Tau protein, the ordered cores of Tau filaments adopt distinct folds. Here, we analyze Tau filaments isolated from the brain of individuals affected by Prion-Protein cerebral amyloid angiopathy (PrP-CAA) with a nonsense mutation in the PRNP gene that leads to early termination of translation of PrP (Q160Ter or Q160X), and Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker (GSS) disease, with a missense mutation in the PRNP gene that leads to an amino acid substitution at residue 198 (F198S) of PrP. The clinical and neuropathologic phenotypes associated with these two mutations in PRNP are different; however, the neuropathologic analyses of these two genetic variants have consistently shown the presence of numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of filamentous Tau aggregates in neurons. We report that Tau filaments in PrP-CAA (Q160X) and GSS (F198S) are composed of 3-repeat and 4-repeat Tau isoforms, having a striking similarity to NFTs in Alzheimer disease (AD). In PrP-CAA (Q160X), Tau filaments are made of both paired helical filaments (PHFs) and straight filaments (SFs), while in GSS (F198S), only PHFs were found. Mass spectrometry analyses of Tau filaments extracted from PrP-CAA (Q160X) and GSS (F198S) brains show the presence of post-translational modifications that are comparable to those seen in Tau aggregates from AD. Cryo-EM analysis reveals that the atomic models of the Tau filaments obtained from PrP-CAA (Q160X) and GSS (F198S) are identical to those of the Tau filaments from AD, and are therefore distinct from those of Pick disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and corticobasal degeneration. Our data support the hypothesis that in the presence of extracellular amyloid deposits and regardless of the primary amino acid sequence of the amyloid protein, similar molecular mechanisms are at play in the formation of identical Tau filaments.

Highlights

Neurodegenerative diseases with Tau pathology may present with diverse clinical symptoms and have distinct neuropathologies [20]
Severe Tau neurofibrillary pathology including neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuropil threads (NTs) in gray structures of the cerebrum and brainstem coexist in the same anatomical areas with APrP deposition
It is noteworthy that Tau pathology is severe in PrionProtein cerebral amyloid angiopathy (PrP-CAA) (Q160X) and GSS (F198S), even though the APrP pathology is localized in different compartments: a b c d e f compared to Alzheimer disease (AD)

Summary

Introduction

Neurodegenerative diseases with Tau pathology may present with diverse clinical symptoms and have distinct neuropathologies [20]. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), it has been recently determined that the fold of the core of Tau filaments in sporadic and familial AD differs from those in PiD and CBD [3, 10,11,12, 16, 64]. The Alzheimer Tau fold may be found in the presence (AD) or in the absence (PART) of amyloid β (Aβ); the specific role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of Tau aggregation in AD remains undetermined. Whether the conformation and filament fold of Tau varies in NFTs from other neurodegenerative diseases in which the primary amyloid protein deposited is not Aβ [21,22,23, 59, 60] has yet to be determined

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