Abstract
Poly(acrylic acid) [poly(polypropenoic acid)] (PAA) can form stable and insoluble, colorless hydrogels with HfCl4, TiCl4, and ZrCl, in water. Two carboxylic groups of PAA are complexed by the M(OH)22+ ions. Hydrogels formed from PAA–MCl2,(OH)2, (where M = Hf, Zr) (2 : 1) have found practical application in the blocking of microscopic channels in tooth dentin, and thereby decrease the fluid permeability and protect against tooth decay. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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