Abstract
FRANKLIN1 assumed that there were only two types of layer in graphitic carbons: parallel and oriented and parallel but disoriented layers. The disoriented layers occur randomly with a probability p, between the oriented layers. From this assumption she obtained a simple formula for the intensity curve in reciprocal space: where l is the crystallographic index and U = 1 − p. This is a special case of the more general intensity formula for X-rays scattered from disordered layer lattices2,3. All Franklin's intensity curves of the 11&2bar;2 line, obtained with graphitized carbons heated to between 1,720° and 3,000° C., are very close to the theoretical curves, estimated p values ranging from 0.9 to 0.1. Bacon4 showed that the formula was also applicable to well-crystallized graphites, such as Ceylon graphite, and to three artificial samples.
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