Abstract
Abstract The occurrence of end moraines reflects the dynamics of an ice sheet, and their inner structure is determined by processes taking place in marginal zones. In the southern part of the Kłodawa Upland of Central Poland, such moraines were formed, but opinions conflict as to their origin, including the influence of local transgression of the ice sheet, as well as its areal and frontal recession. The primary aim of this article is to analyse the inner structure of forms to define the dynamic state of the Warta Stadial ice sheet of the Odra Glaciation (Saalian). The conducted research includes fieldwork at four key sites, where lithofacial analysis was performed, as well as a geomorphological and geological mapping that included two cross-sections in greater detail. In exposures, the work focused on deformed structures of sediments. Description of key sites was extended by the creation and the analysis of general geological cross-sections. Considering the results of the research, the Kutno end moraines should not be classified as push moraines – they were revealed to be accumulative in character.
Highlights
End moraines are formed in ice sheet marginal zones, and their types are integrally related to the predominant processes that took part in shaping them
The Leszczynek site is located in the north-east of the research area, where the Kutno moraines are slightly visible in the relief (Figure 1b)
One is the occurrence of materials deposited in extreme mass flows
Summary
End moraines are formed in ice sheet marginal zones, and their types (i.e. push or accumulation moraines) are integrally related to the predominant processes that took part in shaping them. Lencewicz [4] initially characterised the Kutno end moraines and, based mainly on their lack of deformation structures, qualified them as accumulation moraines, where each belt determines consecutive lines at which an ice sheet’s front stagnated during its recession. In the study by Domosławska-Baraniecka [6], the formation of the Kutno moraines was strongly related to abrupt ice re-advance during the ice sheet recession phase. She uses the term “Kutno transgression” [9,10]. DomosławskaBaraniecka [6] pointed out that the melting was related to the formation of the moraines
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