Abstract
Recent developments concerning the hexagonal polymorph of diamond and the orthorhombic, quinoid, structure of carbon proposed by Pauling are reviewed. Advancements in the analysis of paracrystalline carbon are analyzed critically. Atomic radial distribution functions indicate that graphite-like layers in some carbons are much larger than the profiles of the ( hk) reflections indicate. Profile analyses of the (00 l) reflections of a carbon black P33, indicate that a layer domain in the black has at least one adjacent domain parallel to it and that the fraction of carbon in stacks having n layers decreases exponentially with n. From comparative studies of graphitisable and non-graphitisable carbons it is concluded that graphitisable carbons contain large layers and their stacking is extensive. Layer growth and increase in stacking height with heat treatment is, to a great extent, the result of annealing of distortion and interstitials. Evidently linkages connecting small layer groups prevent their graphitisation.
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