Structure of benthic macroinvertebrates population in an area of Mopoyem Bay (Ebrie Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire) exposed to the discharge of a fish farm effluents.

Abstract

Discharges of untreated effluent from fish farming into the aquatic environment are a practice that can affect local biodiversity. This study was conducted to characterize, in the Ebrie Lagoon, the structure of benthic macroinvertebrates inhabiting an environment exposed to effluent discharges from fish farms. The benthic macroinvertebrates were collected with a Van Veen grab seasonally between August 2016 and July 2017 at the effluent discharge point in the lagoon and at a reference station out of anthropogenic activities. Identification of organisms was done using specialized keys. The results revealed that the proportion of tolerant macroinvertebrates is relatively high (47.74%) at the point of discharge of fish farming effluents into the Ebrie Lagoon. While at the reference station, macroinvertebrates population is dominated by sensitive and medium-sensitive taxa (93.53%). The benthic macroinvertebrates population, influenced by seasonal variations, exhibits peaks of abundance and diversity during the rainy seasons, while during the dry seasons, they strongly decline. Fish farming effluents dumped in Ebrie Lagoon lead to structural modifications of the local benthic macroinvertebrates population. These disturbances are intensified in dry seasons and attenuated in rainy seasons. This information should be taken into account in any decision to promote the responsible practice of fish farming and the sustainable management of water resources exploited for fish farming purposes.