Structure of Adenine on Metal Nanoparticles: pH Equilibria and Formation of Ag+ Complexes Detected by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

The SERS spectra of adenine recorded under a broad range of pH values and concentrations using both silver and gold colloids provided evidence for the existence of several distinct species. At high concentration (0.5−10 ppm), the spectra recorded between pH 1 and 11 showed only two distinct spectra, rather than the three forms that would be expected for a compound with two pKa values of 4.2 and 9.8. The spectra at neutral and alkaline pH were identical and assigned to the deprotonated form of adenine on the basis of DFT calculations, isotope shifts, and comparison with the normal Raman spectra of neutral and deprotonated adenine. The spectra at acidic pH were different, consistent with adenine protonation. Neutral adenine was not detected at any pH studied. At low adenine concentration (≤0.25 ppm) on silver (but not gold colloids), the spectra showed the presence of two different, highly scattering Ag+−adenine complexes at neutral and at alkaline pH. These data can rationalize many of the features which were previously reported for adenine SERS spectra but were attributed to reorientation on the enhancing surface or to the use of different substrates.