Structure of acute chemical poisoning during COVID-19 pandemic (according to a multidiscipline hospital)

Abstract

Introduction. The article presents an epidemiological analysis of the prevalence and structure of acute chemical poisoning in the Northwestern region during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study: to analyze the prevalence and structure of acute chemical poisoning among patients of a multidisciplinary hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, archival, monthly statistical data were used on the registration of persons hospitalized in the center for the treatment of acute poisoning of the named after I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of SP in the period 2019-2020. The main method of the study was clinical and epidemiological, which includes an analysis of the intra-annual dynamics of the occurrence of acute chemical poisoning, based on monthly observations. In the statistical processing of the material, numerical characteristics of variables with an assessment of their accuracy and reliability were used, analytical methods aimed at constructing a time series model by autoregression and integrated moving average (ARIMA) were used. Nominal data were compared using the criterion χ2 adjusted for continuity. Results. The epidemiological analysis revealed the main trends indicating a decrease in the total number of admissions of patients with acute chemical poisoning to a multidisciplinary hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic (y = -106.25x + 17.16, R2 = 0.7346). The data obtained indicate, first of all, a decrease in the income of persons with acute alcohol poisoning and higher alcohols, starting from April 2020, which, of course, was facilitated by the introduction of a strictly anti-epidemic regime in the GBU Research Institute of SP named after I.I. Dzhanelidze and the change in the conditions of hospitalization in medical institutions of St. Petersburg during the Covid-19 pandemic. The increase in the frequency of acute poisoning with medicinal substances (antipyretics, analgesics and sedatives) used for the purpose of self-treatment of the main symptoms of an infectious disease has attracted attention. The main problem for public health remains the increase in the number of cases of acute poisoning with narcotic substances from the group of synthetic cathinones, synthetic derivatives of opium, precursors of gamma-hydroxyoximabutyric acid. Conclusion. Data on the prevalence of acute chemical poisoning during the Covid-19 pandemic (according to the multidisciplinary hospital) indicate changes in the frequency of their occurrence and structure. An increase in cases of admission of persons with poisoning with analgesics, antipyretics, psychotropic drugs with sedative effect was found in the analyzed time period.