Abstract
Los poliquetos desempeñan un importante papel en la estructura y funcionamiento de las comunidades bentónicas de manglares; sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre estos organismos permanece escaso en la costa amazónica de Maranhão, Brasil. Este estudio analizó los aspectos ecológicos de la comunidad de poliquetos del manglar Quebra Pote, Estado de Maranhão. Se realizaron cuatro recolectas durante el período de secas y lluvias, entre noviembre 2013 y julio 2014, se delimitó un transecto de 100 metros de longitud, perpendicular a la línea de agua, con tres zonas distantes entre sí de 50 m. Se cuantificaron 521 individuos distribuidos en diez familias y 15 especies; Nephtys simoni, Notomastus sp. y Paraonis sp., correspondieron al 58,92 % del total muestreado. Los poliquetos detritívoros móviles fueron dominantes y abundantes. El manglar Quebra Pote presentó elevados valores de diversidad y equidad. En la distribución espacial, se observó que varias especies estuvieron presentes en todas las zonas del manglar, por ejemplo Capitella sp., Heteromastus sp., N. simoni, Notomastus sp., Paradoneis sp., Paraonis sp., Scoloplos texana, Sigambra grubei y Syllis gracilis magellanica. La diversidad y abundancia de poliquetos fueron mayores en el mediolitoral inferior (Zona 1), con predominio de Avicennia schaueriana. A lo largo de las zonas se observó que la abundancia de poliquetos decrece del mediolitoral inferior hacia al mediolitoral superior, probablemente como consecuencia del desagüe doméstico, que suplantó el efecto de la vegetación.
Highlights
Mangroves are ecosystems with high productivity in terms of providing food and refuge for resident or migratory species (Schaeffer-Novelli, 1995)
The Quebra Pote mangrove is located in the city of São Luís, in São José Bay, Maranhão (02o41.344’ S; 44o12.604’ W) (Fig. 1)
Similar results were observed by Oliveira and Mochel (1999) in a study about the macro-endofauna of the Parnauaçu mangrove located in the Maranhão coast where salinity showed large variations
Summary
Mangroves are ecosystems with high productivity in terms of providing food and refuge for resident or migratory species (Schaeffer-Novelli, 1995). Polychaetes stand-out in benthic macrofauna as one of the most abundant groups with great diversity in body shapes and habitat occupation (Amaral et al, 2005). They are part of the diet of seabirds as well as many species of fish and crustaceans with commercial importance (Burder et al, 1997; Paiva, 2006). They play an important role in the structure and functioning of benthic communities because of their abundance, diverse eating habits, the occupation of different niches, and relation with different types of sediments (Rohr and Almeida, 2006). It is likely that the distribution of these organisms is influenced by biotic factors such as vegetation, which can be used as food and refuge, providing ideal conditions for the reproduction of some species (Lewis and Stoner, 1983)
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