Abstract
The COVID-19, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. The novel virus was first identified from an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019, and attempts to contain it there failed, allowing it to spread across the globe. The ongoing pandemic is resulting from extreme acute breathing syndrome. The World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 and later declared a pandemic on eleven March 2020. As of eight July 2021, greater than 185 million instances had been showed, with greater than four million deaths attributed to COVID-19. Over two hundred twenty-eight million cases of COVID-19 in the world have been reported until the 21st of September 2021 after the first rise in December 2019. The virus caused the disease called severe acute respiratory syndrome. The structure of SARC-CoV-2 shows the presence of Spike S protein, Membrane M protein, Envelop protein and Nucleocapsid. Currently, four SARS-CoV-2 variants, these are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants originated from United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil/Japan, and India, respectively. The classification of SARS-CoV-2 variants is based on the mutations in the structure, based inclusions. Mutations in covid-2 create variants which are helpful in making stable vaccine and/or anti-viral drug design. In view of the significance of the structure, mutations and variants of Covid-19, it was found necessary to emphasize the whole problem into a brief review.
Highlights
Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface
The COVID-19, known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2
Four SARS-CoV-2 variants, these are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants originated from United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil/Japan, and India, respectively
Summary
Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface. With the recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the current coronavirus disease pandemic, there are seven coronaviruses known to infect humans [4]. Multiple clinical risk factors for severe COVID-19 have been identified, including older age, male sex, African American race, smoking, and comorbidities. Much of the previous data analysis is limited by factors such as incomplete prevalence reporting due to the use of non-peer reviewed data and only using data from China [13, 14, 15] This limits the conclusions that can be drawn from these early studies, given the global reach of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We analyze the most recent data available in the literature to gain better insights into the development of COVID19 and severe forms of the disease resulting in death to aid the development of strategies to better manage SARS-CoV2-infected patients
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