Abstract
The work is focused on the study of the influence of the cellulose type and processing parameters on the structure, morphology, and permeability of cellulose films. The free volume of the cellulose films was evaluated by the sorption of n-decane, which is a non-solvent for cellulose. The structural features of the membranes and their morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM methods. The characteristic features of the porous structure and properties of cellulose films regenerated from cellulose solutions in the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and cellophane films were compared. Generally, cellulose films obtained from solutions in NMMO have a higher permeability and a lower rejection (as measured using Orange II dye) as compared to cellophane films. It was also found that the cellulose films have a higher ultimate strength and modulus, whereas the cellophane films are characterized by higher elongation at break.
Highlights
Among plenty of methods of cellulose membrane production, the most interesting are those that do not affect the production of cellulose derivatives, composites based on them, polymer modification, etc
It is shown that for cellophane, the values of O’Connor’s crystallinity index are higher than for membranes formed from solutions in NMMO;
Cellulose films obtained from solutions in NMMO are characterized by higher ethanol permeability and lower Orange II rejection as compared to cellophane films;
Summary
Among plenty of methods of cellulose membrane production, the most interesting are those that do not affect the production of cellulose derivatives (excluding the viscose process), composites based on them, polymer modification, etc. The development of the chemistry of cellulose solutions has made another method of obtaining cellulose membranes available, such as the formation of films (membranes) from spinning solutions [2]. The most popular method of producing cellulose films (membranes) today remains the viscose process. The cellulose is dissolved in alkali in a process known as mercerization. The mercerized pulp is treated with carbon disulfide to make an orange solution called viscose, or cellulose xanthate. The films obtained by this process have received the trade name “Cellophane TM” [7]
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