Abstract
Biomimetic membrane systems play a crucial role in the field of biosensor engineering. Over the years, significant progress has been achieved creating artificial membranes by various strategies from vesicle fusion to Langmuir transfer approaches to meet an ever-growing demand for supported lipid bilayers on various substrates such as glass, mica, gold, polymer cushions, and many more. This paper reviews the diversity seen in the preparation of biologically relevant model lipid membranes which includes monolayers and bilayers of phospholipid and other crucial components such as proteins, characterization techniques, changes in the physical properties of the membranes during molecular interactions and the dynamics of the lipid membrane with biologically active molecules with special emphasis on lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
Highlights
The multifaceted role of lipid membranes can be seen in physiological processes such as cell–cell adhesion, the transport of molecules and ions across membranes, triggering of signal transduction pathways, and in cell metabolism
We have summarized the different techniques used so far to create artificial lipid membrane models
We began our discussion by throwing some light on liposome fusion, monolayers at the air–water interface, LB-LS techniques, and other methods involving self-assembly
Summary
The multifaceted role of lipid membranes can be seen in physiological processes such as cell–cell adhesion, the transport of molecules and ions across membranes, triggering of signal transduction pathways, and in cell metabolism. Forging ahead with the idea of supported lipid membranes, Plant in 1993 created self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers directly on gold surfaces that gave a hydrophobic surface for the formation of stable lipid bilayers via a vesicle fusion process to produce a hybrid system This model system mimicked Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films and BLMs with the additional advantages of ease of preparation and reproducibility, long-term stability and formation on an electrically conductive support. Patterns were created resembling those of living cells thereby creating bilayer membranes on spatially and chemically distinct libraries of molecules on hydrophilic oxidized silica This was a novel platform useful for studying the physical and biological properties of membranes [13].
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