Abstract
A polysaccharide named GSP-2 with a molecular size of 32 kDa was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense. Its structure was well elucidated, by a combined utilization of chemical and spectroscopic techniques, to be a β-glucan with a backbone of (1→4)– and (1→6)–Glcp, bearing terminal- and (1→3)–Glcp side-chains at O-3 position of (1→6)–Glcp. Immunological assay exhibited that GSP-2 significantly induced the proliferation of BALB/c mice splenocytes with target on only B cells, and enhanced the production of several cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and derived dendritic cells. Besides, the fluorescent labeled GSP-2 was phagocytosed by the RAW 264.7 cells and induced the nitric oxide secretion from the cells.
Highlights
Sugar composition analysis indicated that GSP-2 was mainly composed of glucose as its sugar constituents, and absolute configuration study further revealed that all the glucose residues in GSP-2 are of D configuration
Amino acid composition analysis revealed that 5.2% of this fraction is protein, which was composed of 16 kinds of amino acids as shown in the Table 1
Since the de-protein process has been repeated for ten times, it is supposed that these amino acids mainly remained on the sugar chain of GSP-2 by covalent bonds
Summary
While Ganoderma sinense is called the same name ‘‘Lingzhi’’ like G. lucidum, as recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, it is only distributed in China and contains little ganoderic acid like triterpenoids [6,7] Both official Lingzhi species are rich in polysaccharides and possess multiple biological activities [1], such as antimicrobials [6,7], immunomodulation [8], and antitumor effect [9]. Two purified polysaccharides GSP-6B and GSP-4 were reported from the fruiting bodies of G. sinense [14,15] Their chemical structures were partially elucidated to be a hyperbranched b-glucan and a heteropolysaccharide, respectively. We report on the structure elucidation and immunomodulatory activities of another new polysaccharide (GSP-2) which is isolated as a major polysaccharide fraction from the fruiting bodies of G. sinense
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